A Library of Before & After Prompt Examples
Learning to write effective prompts often comes easier when we can see clear examples of what works and what doesn't.
This guide provides a comprehensive collection of before/after examples across various industries and use cases. Each example shows a suboptimal prompt followed by an improved version, with explanations of why the changes matter.
A Note About Context
While crafting effective prompts is crucial, the context you provide to the AI is equally important for achieving optimal results. Think of it this way: even the perfect prompt will fall short if the AI doesn't have the right context to work from. Chibi gives you powerful tools to control exactly what context the AI sees through features like Document Memory, Global Memory, and context variables.
For a complete guide on mastering context in Chibi, see our Understanding Context Guide. For now, let's explore practical examples of effective versus ineffective prompts across various industries and use cases.
Content Creation and Writing
Blog Post Generation
❌ Ineffective: "Write a blog post about healthy eating."
✅ Effective: "Write a 1000-word blog post about the Mediterranean diet's impact on heart health. Include recent scientific studies, practical meal planning tips, and address common obstacles people face when adopting this diet. Use a conversational tone suitable for health-conscious readers aged 30-50."
Why it's better: Specifies length, topic focus, key elements to include, target audience, and desired tone.
Product Description
❌ Ineffective: "Write a description for my new coffee maker."
✅ Effective: "Write a 200-word product description for a programmable stainless steel coffee maker that retails for $149. Highlight its key features: 12-cup capacity, auto-start function, and built-in grinder. Target audience is busy professionals who appreciate premium coffee. Use persuasive language that emphasizes convenience and quality."
Why it's better: Provides specific product details, target audience, price point, and desired messaging approach.
Podcast Script Writing
❌ Ineffective: "Write a script for my podcast about technology."
✅ Effective: "Write a 15-minute podcast script about the impact of artificial intelligence on creative industries (art, music, writing). Structure the script with:
A compelling 30-second hook about a real AI art controversy
Three main talking points with supporting examples
Interview questions for a digital artist guest
Natural transitions between segments
A clear call-to-action for listeners Use a conversational tone, include pause indicators, and add pronunciation guides for technical terms. Target audience is creative professionals aged 25-45 with basic AI knowledge."
Why it's better: Specifies length, topic focus, structure, tone, and includes technical considerations specific to audio content.
White Paper Creation
❌ Ineffective: "Write a white paper about blockchain technology."
✅ Effective: "Create a 2,500-word technical white paper about implementing blockchain technology in supply chain management. Include:
Executive summary (250 words)
Current supply chain challenges
Blockchain solution architecture
Implementation roadmap
Cost-benefit analysis
Real-world case studies Use professional language suitable for C-level executives and IT directors. Include relevant statistics and cite industry sources. Focus on practical business applications rather than technical specifications."
Why it's better: Defines length, structure, audience, specific focus, and content requirements while maintaining professional standards.
Newsletter Writing
❌ Ineffective: "Write a newsletter about what happened this month."
✅ Effective: "Create a monthly newsletter for a sustainable fashion brand's email list of 50,000 subscribers. Include:
Attention-grabbing subject line
Featured story about our new recycled denim collection
Behind-the-scenes look at our water-saving manufacturing process
Customer spotlight featuring a sustainability influencer
Upcoming collection preview
Environmental impact statistics Keep sections brief and scannable, use subheadings, and maintain an eco-conscious yet fashionable tone. Include 2-3 clear CTAs and mobile-friendly formatting suggestions."
Why it's better: Provides specific content sections, audience context, tone requirements, and technical considerations.
Technical Writing
API Documentation
❌ Ineffective: "Document this API endpoint: /users/create"
✅ Effective: "Create technical documentation for the POST /users/create endpoint. Include:
Required and optional parameters
Example request in JSON format
Possible response codes and their meanings
Rate limiting information
At least two usage examples with different scenarios Use clear, concise language suitable for developers with basic REST API knowledge."
Why it's better: Breaks down exactly what information is needed and structures the documentation requirements clearly.
Error Message Writing
❌ Ineffective: "Write an error message for when the user's password is wrong."
✅ Effective: "Create three variations of an error message for failed login attempts. Each message should:
Be under 15 words
Explain what went wrong (invalid password)
Suggest a solution (reset password or try again)
Use a helpful, non-threatening tone
Include a link to password recovery Target audience is non-technical users of a banking application."
Why it's better: Specifies message constraints, required elements, tone, and context.
Marketing and Advertising
Email Subject Lines
❌ Ineffective: "Write email subject lines for my sale."
✅ Effective: "Generate 5 email subject lines for a 48-hour flash sale on premium yoga mats. Each subject line should:
Be under 50 characters
Create urgency without being pushy
Include a number or percentage (30% off)
Avoid spam trigger words Target audience is health-conscious women aged 25-40. The sale happens during National Wellness Month."
Why it's better: Provides specific constraints, product details, target audience, and timing context.
Social Media Posts
❌ Ineffective: "Write some tweets about my new book."
✅ Effective: "Create 5 Twitter posts promoting a mystery thriller novel launching next week. For each post:
Keep within 280 characters
Include the hashtags #BookTwitter and #ThrillerReads
Incorporate one intriguing quote or plot tease
Add a clear call to action (pre-order link) Book themes include artificial intelligence, corporate espionage, and ethical dilemmas. Target audience is fans of Black Mirror and William Gibson."
Why it's better: Specifies platform constraints, key elements to include, themes, and audience reference points.
Video Script for Ad
❌ Ineffective: "Write a script for a YouTube ad about my fitness app."
✅ Effective: "Create a 30-second video script for a YouTube pre-roll ad about a fitness app targeting busy parents. Include:
Attention-grabbing first 5 seconds (skippable ad format)
Visual direction and text overlay suggestions
Voice-over script with timing markers
Background music mood suggestions
Clear value proposition: '15-minute workouts for real results' Focus on the app's unique feature: AI-powered workout adaptation based on available time and energy level. End with App Store and Play Store download CTAs."
Why it's better: Specifies format requirements, timing, platform considerations, and includes technical production elements.
LinkedIn Campaign
❌ Ineffective: "Write some LinkedIn posts for my B2B company."
✅ Effective: "Create a 2-week LinkedIn campaign (10 posts) for a new B2B software that automates accounting processes. For each post:
Hook with a specific pain point
Include relevant industry statistics
Share a specific feature benefit
Use appropriate business hashtags (max 3)
Include a carousel image description or video concept Mix content types: thought leadership, case studies, feature highlights, and client testimonials. Target financial controllers and CFOs in medium-sized businesses. Include suggestions for best posting times."
Why it's better: Provides campaign duration, content mix, target audience, and platform-specific considerations.
Product Launch Press Release
❌ Ineffective: "Write a press release about my new product."
✅ Effective: "Write a 400-word press release for the launch of an eco-friendly smart home thermostat that reduces energy costs by 35%. Include:
Attention-grabbing headline
Launch date and availability
Key features and environmental impact
Price point and comparison to competitors
Quote from CEO about sustainability mission
Quote from environmental expert
Company boilerplate Follow AP style guidelines and include media contact information. Target both tech and environmental journalists. Focus on the intersection of sustainability and smart home innovation."
Why it's better: Specifies length, structure, style guidelines, and includes necessary elements for media pickup.
Educational Content
Lesson Plan Creation
❌ Ineffective: "Write a lesson plan about photosynthesis."
✅ Effective: "Create a 45-minute lesson plan about photosynthesis for 7th-grade science students. Include:
Learning objectives aligned with Next Generation Science Standards
A hands-on experiment using common classroom materials
Discussion questions for different learning levels
A 5-minute formative assessment activity
Modifications for visual and kinesthetic learners The class has 25 students with mixed ability levels and includes three ESL learners."
Why it's better: Specifies time frame, grade level, required components, and student context.
Tutorial Writing
❌ Ineffective: "Write a tutorial about using Photoshop."
✅ Effective: "Create a step-by-step tutorial teaching beginners how to remove image backgrounds in Photoshop 2024. Include:
Required tools and setup
Screenshot descriptions at each step
Common pitfalls to avoid
Alternative methods for complex images
Tips for achieving clean edges Assume the reader has Photoshop installed but has never used it. Focus on the magnetic lasso and quick selection tools."
Why it's better: Focuses on a specific task, identifies audience skill level, and specifies what to include.
Online Course Module
❌ Ineffective: "Write content for my online course about digital marketing."
✅ Effective: "Create a learning module about social media advertising for beginners. Include:
Learning objectives for each section
5-minute video script introducing key concepts
Step-by-step tutorial for creating first Facebook ad
Interactive quiz questions (10 multiple choice)
Practical assignment with rubric
Downloadable cheat sheet of terms
Additional resources section Design content for asynchronous learning with clear progress markers. Include accessibility considerations and estimated completion time (45 minutes). Target audience is small business owners with basic social media knowledge."
Why it's better: Provides complete module structure, multiple content types, and specific learning objectives.
Workshop Plan
❌ Ineffective: "Write a workshop about leadership skills."
✅ Effective: "Create a 3-hour workshop plan about emotional intelligence in leadership for middle managers. Include:
Pre-workshop assessment (15 mins)
Interactive exercises for each EI component
Role-playing scenarios with discussion guides
Small group activities (4-5 people)
Personal development planning template
Post-workshop action items Include timing for each segment, material requirements, room setup suggestions, and facilitator notes. Design for hybrid delivery (in-person and virtual) with 20-30 participants."
Why it's better: Specifies duration, audience, delivery method, and includes practical implementation details.
Educational Video Script
❌ Ineffective: "Write a script about how to use Excel."
✅ Effective: "Create a 10-minute educational video script teaching how to create and use pivot tables in Excel 365. Include:
Hook highlighting practical applications (30 seconds)
Screen recording instructions with cursor movements
Common pitfalls and troubleshooting
Practice exercise instructions
Alternative methods for different versions Break content into clear chapters with timestamps. Include on-screen text suggestions and visual callouts. Target audience is office workers with basic Excel knowledge. Focus on practical business applications like sales reporting."
Why it's better: Specifies length, exact topic focus, technical requirements, and includes production elements.
Educational Game Design
❌ Ineffective: "Make a game that teaches math."
✅ Effective: "Design a mathematical problem-solving game for 4th graders learning fractions. Include:
Game mechanics using pizza slicing/sharing
Progressive difficulty levels (1/2 to complex fractions)
Reward system based on accuracy and speed
Collaborative multiplayer challenges
Real-world application scenarios Include accessibility features for dyscalculia students. Provide physical and digital gameplay variations. Focus on building conceptual understanding rather than memorization."
Why it's better: Specifies mathematical concept, grade level, game elements, and learning accommodations while maintaining educational focus.
Business Communication
Meeting Agenda
❌ Ineffective: "Write an agenda for my team meeting."
✅ Effective: "Create a 60-minute meeting agenda for a quarterly review with a remote marketing team of 8 people. Include:
5-minute team updates
15-minute Q3 performance review
20-minute Q4 strategy discussion
15-minute resource allocation planning
5-minute action item review Add time stamps, discussion leaders, and required preparation for each section. The team needs to address a 15% drop in social media engagement."
Why it's better: Provides time allocation, team context, specific topics, and key issues to address.
Customer Service Responses
❌ Ineffective: "Write a response to an angry customer."
✅ Effective: "Write a response to a customer who left a 1-star review complaining about a 2-hour food delivery delay during a rainstorm. The delay was caused by extreme weather and staff shortages. Include:
Sincere apology
Explanation without excuses
Concrete solution (50% off next order)
Request to make it right. Maintain a professional, empathetic tone and keep the response under 100 words. This is for a family-owned pizza restaurant with a usually high rating."
Why it's better: Provides situation context, response elements, tone guidance, and length constraint.
Executive Summary
❌ Ineffective: "Write a summary of our quarterly results."
✅ Effective: "Create a one-page executive summary of Q3 2024 results for a SaaS company focused on AI-powered customer service solutions. Include:
Key performance indicators (revenue growth, customer acquisition cost, churn rate)
Comparison to Q2 2024 and Q3 2023
Major milestones (launch of new ML algorithm, expansion to APAC)
Challenges faced and solutions implemented
Q4 outlook and strategic priorities Use data visualization recommendations and maintain a balanced tone that acknowledges both achievements and areas for improvement. Target audience is the board of directors with mixed technical background."
Why it's better: Specifies timeframe, company context, required metrics, length constraint, and audience knowledge level.
Internal Product Launch Announcement
❌ Ineffective: "Write an email about our new product launch."
✅ Effective: "Create an internal email announcing the soft launch of our new employee wellness platform to the operations team (200 people). Include:
Launch timeline (phased rollout over 3 weeks)
Each department's role in testing
Training session schedule
Success metrics we're tracking
How to report bugs/feedback Use a motivating tone that emphasizes the team's crucial role in ensuring a successful public launch. Include specific actions required from different departments and a FAQ section addressing common concerns about implementation."
Why it's better: Provides specific audience, timeline, required actions, and structural elements while maintaining employee engagement.
Crisis Communication Plan
❌ Ineffective: "Write a plan for handling PR problems."
✅ Effective: "Create a structured communication plan for handling a potential data breach at a healthcare technology company. Include:
Initial response timeline (first 24 hours)
Communication templates for different stakeholders:
Affected patients
Healthcare providers
Regulatory bodies
Media outlets
Social media response guidelines
Internal communication protocol
Legal compliance checkpoints Emphasize transparency while maintaining HIPAA compliance. Include criteria for escalation and specific roles/responsibilities for the crisis management team."
Why it's better: Addresses specific crisis type, includes multiple stakeholders, considers legal requirements, and provides clear protocols.
Creative Writing
Character Development
❌ Ineffective: "Create a character for my story."
✅ Effective: "Create a detailed character profile for a supporting antagonist in a near-future cyberpunk novel. Include:
Physical appearance and distinguishing features
Psychological profile and motivations
Personal history relevant to the plot
Special abilities or tech augmentations
Character flaws and internal conflicts The character should be morally ambiguous and have a personal vendetta against cybernetic enhancement corporations. Their actions should raise questions about human evolution and corporate ethics."
Why it's better: Specifies character role, genre context, required elements, and thematic considerations.
Scene Description
❌ Ineffective: "Describe a scary forest scene."
✅ Effective: "Write a 300-word scene describing a dense forest at twilight from the perspective of a lost hiker. Use all five senses and weather (approaching storm) to build tension. Focus on:
Gradual buildup of unease
Subtle environmental changes
Character's increasing anxiety
Mixture of real and imagined threats Avoid horror clichés and supernatural elements. The scene should feel grounded in reality while maintaining psychological tension."
Why it's better: Provides perspective, length, sensory requirements, and specific elements to include or avoid.
World Building
❌ Ineffective: "Create a fantasy world for my story."
✅ Effective: "Design a low-fantasy medieval world where magic is rare and feared. Include:
Political structure (3-4 major kingdoms with distinct cultures)
Economic system based on magical artifacts as currency
Religious beliefs centered around the decline of magic
Major geographical features that influence trade and conflict
Social hierarchy highlighting tensions between magic users and non-magic users Focus on practical implications of limited magic rather than elaborate magical systems. Include details about how common people live and adapt in this world."
Why it's better: Specifies the type of fantasy, key world-building elements, and thematic focus while maintaining practical considerations.
Dialogue Writing
❌ Ineffective: "Write a conversation between two people arguing."
✅ Effective: "Write a dialogue scene between a teenage daughter and her mother discussing college plans. The daughter wants to pursue art despite having a scholarship for engineering. Include:
Subtext showing their underlying fear/love
Body language cues between spoken lines
Cultural expectations (first-generation immigrant family)
Specific references to past family sacrifices
Both characters' valid perspectives Keep dialogue natural and avoid melodrama. Scene should take place during a routine activity (cooking dinner) to add subtle tension."
Why it's better: Provides character context, emotional underpinnings, and specific scenario details while guiding the tone.
Plot Outline
❌ Ineffective: "Help me plan my novel's plot."
✅ Effective: "Create a detailed plot outline for a psychological thriller novel about a small-town therapist who realizes her new patient knows details about her past. Structure should include:
Inciting incident (specific patient revelation)
Three major plot twists
Red herrings and misdirects
Character arc progression for protagonist
Subplot involving local missing person case Follow Three-Act structure, emphasize mounting tension, and ensure each reveal changes the meaning of previous events. Theme explores the boundaries between professional and personal life."
Why it's better: Specifies genre, plot elements, structure requirements, and thematic focus.
Fight Scene
❌ Ineffective: "Write a fight scene between two characters."
✅ Effective: "Write a 500-word hand-to-hand combat scene between a trained martial artist and a street fighter in a cramped elevator. Include:
Technical accuracy in fighting styles (Aikido vs street boxing)
Environmental interaction with elevator space
Shifting power dynamics
Physical and emotional fatigue
Real-time consequences of injuries Focus on tactical thinking rather than pure action. Show character personality through fighting style choices. Maintain tension without excessive violence."
Why it's better: Provides specific context, technical requirements, and guidance on focus while maintaining realism.
Romance Scene
❌ Ineffective: "Write about two people falling in love."
✅ Effective: "Create a scene where two rival chefs realize their feelings for each other during a high-stakes cooking competition. Include:
Professional respect underlying attraction
Subtle gestures showing growing awareness
Competitive tension vs personal connection
Sensory details involving food and cooking
Internal monologue revealing conflicted feelings Keep the scene professional but emotionally charged. Use cooking metaphors and food imagery to convey emotions. Focus on the moment of realization rather than explicit romance."
Why it's better: Establishes specific scenario, character dynamics, and stylistic elements while maintaining subtle emotional development.
Flash Fiction
❌ Ineffective: "Write a very short story."
✅ Effective: "Write a 300-word story about an AI home assistant witnessing a crime. Requirements:
Told from AI's perspective with limited understanding of human behavior
Focus on moral dilemma (programming vs protecting)
Real-time decision making
Limited to one room in the house
Must end with an unexpected choice Use technical language mixed with emerging emotional awareness. Incorporate actual smart home capabilities while suggesting deeper consciousness."
Why it's better: Provides specific length, perspective, theme, and structural requirements while establishing unique narrative constraints.
Research and Analysis
Literature Review
❌ Ineffective: "Summarize recent research about climate change."
✅ Effective: "Create a structured summary of key research findings from the past 5 years regarding the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems. Focus on:
Coral reef degradation
Changes in fish migration patterns
Ocean acidification effects
Proposed conservation strategies For each topic, include:
Main findings
Methodology overview
Research gaps
Practical implications Target audience is environmental science graduate students. Maintain academic tone and highlight areas needing further research."
Why it's better: Narrows focus, specifies time frame, structures required information, and identifies audience.
Data Analysis Report
❌ Ineffective: "Analyze my website traffic data."
✅ Effective: "Create a monthly web traffic analysis report comparing July and August data. Include:
Overall traffic trends (sessions, users, bounce rate)
Top 5 performing pages and their metrics
Traffic source analysis
Mobile vs desktop usage
Conversion rate by channel Draw actionable insights for improving engagement and conversion. Use clear, business-friendly language suitable for marketing team members with basic analytics knowledge. Highlight unusual patterns or significant changes."
Why it's better: Specifies metrics to analyze, time period, required insights, and audience knowledge level.
Market Trend Analysis
❌ Ineffective: "Analyze the electric vehicle market."
✅ Effective: "Create a comprehensive analysis of the luxury electric vehicle market in European countries for 2022-2024. Include:
Sales data comparison across top 5 manufacturers
Impact of government incentives on buying patterns
Charging infrastructure development correlation
Consumer demographic shifts
Emerging technology adoption rates Focus on factors influencing the transition from traditional luxury brands to EV alternatives. Include visual data representation suggestions and identify key growth indicators for 2025."
Why it's better: Specifies market segment, geographic focus, time period, and key analysis points while maintaining professional focus.
Psychological Study Review
❌ Ineffective: "Summarize studies about memory."
✅ Effective: "Create an analytical summary of recent studies (2020-2024) exploring the relationship between sleep quality and memory consolidation in adults aged 50+. Include:
Methodology comparisons across studies
Sample size and diversity considerations
Conflicting findings and possible explanations
Clinical implications for memory care
Research limitations and gaps Focus on studies using both traditional memory tests and modern brain imaging techniques. Highlight practical applications for healthcare providers."
Why it's better: Narrows topic focus, specifies time frame and demographic, and provides structured analysis requirements.
Environmental Impact Assessment
❌ Ineffective: "Analyze how plastic affects the environment."
✅ Effective: "Create a structured analysis of microplastic pollution's impact on freshwater ecosystems in urban areas. Include:
Concentration levels in different water bodies
Bioaccumulation in local food chains
Effects on water treatment systems
Current filtration technology effectiveness
Economic implications for water management Compare data from three major urban centers. Focus on practical mitigation strategies and policy recommendations. Include cost-benefit analysis of proposed solutions."
Why it's better: Specifies environmental focus, analysis areas, and practical applications while maintaining scientific rigor.
Technical Documentation
Software Release Notes
❌ Ineffective: "Write release notes for the new version."
✅ Effective: "Create release notes for version 2.4.0 of a project management software. Include:
3 major new features with user benefits
5 bug fixes with previous behavior and resolution
System requirement changes
Deprecation warnings
Installation instructions Group changes by type (Feature, Fix, Security) and impact level. Use clear, concise language suitable for both technical and non-technical users. Include any required user actions."
Why it's better: Specifies version, content categories, organization method, and audience considerations.
Gaming Industry
Game Design Document (GDD)
❌ Ineffective: "Write a design doc for my game idea."
✅ Effective: "Create a 2-page game design document section focusing on the core combat mechanic for a third-person action RPG. Detail:
Basic combat flow (3-hit combos, dodge mechanics, special abilities)
Control scheme for PC and console
Combat progression system
Enemy behavior patterns
Feedback systems (visual, audio, haptic) Include reference games (God of War, Dark Souls) while highlighting unique features. Add simple diagrams for button mapping and combo trees. Consider accessibility options and difficulty scaling."
Why it's better: Focuses on specific game aspect, includes technical and user experience elements, considers multiple platforms.
Patch Notes
❌ Ineffective: "List the changes in the new update."
✅ Effective: "Write player-facing patch notes for Version 1.3 of a competitive multiplayer FPS game. Include:
Weapon balance changes with before/after statistics
New features (ranked mode, replay system) with clear explanations
Bug fixes prioritized by community impact
Quality of life improvements
Known issues being investigated Use casual, engaging language appropriate for a gaming audience. Include developer insights for major changes and maintain a positive tone while acknowledging community feedback. Add visual aids for complex mechanical changes."
Why it's better: Specifies content organization, tone, audience, and balances technical detail with accessibility.
Community Event Announcement
❌ Ineffective: "Write an announcement for our game event."
✅ Effective: "Create a community announcement for a two-week in-game winter festival in an MMORPG. Include:
Event narrative (ancient frost dragon awakening)
Daily rotating activities schedule
Limited-time rewards with rarity tiers
Special currency system and earning methods
Cross-server competition mechanics
Required player level and gear score Use an epic, adventurous tone while clearly communicating time-limited nature. Include 'TLDR' section for quick reference, followed by detailed explanations. Address potential server load concerns and include regional start times for NA, EU, and APAC. Highlight collaborative aspects and catch-up mechanics for newer players."
Why it's better: Balances excitement with clear information, considers global player base, addresses technical concerns, and includes both quick reference and detailed information for different player preferences.
Tutorial Script
❌ Ineffective: "Write a tutorial for new players."
✅ Effective: "Create an interactive tutorial script for the first 5 minutes of a strategic card game, teaching deck building and basic mechanics. Structure:
Welcome sequence with player choice of nickname
Core mechanics introduction (mana system, card types, combat phases)
Interactive elements requiring player action
Success/failure responses for each interaction
Progressive complexity introduction Keep dialogue under 15 words per bubble. Include timing for animations/effects. Mark optional tooltips for advanced concepts. Consider mobile screen space limitations. Add encouragement for successful actions and gentle guidance for mistakes. Include accessibility considerations for colorblind players and screen readers."
Why it's better: Considers multiple learning styles, platform constraints, accessibility needs, and maintains engagement while teaching core mechanics. Provides specific structure for implementation.
Monetization Design Document
❌ Ineffective: "Write about how to make money from the game."
✅ Effective: "Create a detailed monetization strategy document for a casual mobile puzzle game with daily challenges. Address:
Battle Pass System:
Free vs Premium track rewards
Daily/Weekly progression rates
Catch-up mechanics
In-Game Shop:
Currency conversion rates
Bundle designs and rotation schedule
Limited-time offers strategy
Player Psychology:
Value perception optimization
Pain point identification
Social features and competitive spending balance Include competitor analysis (Candy Crush, Homescapes) and player segment targeting. Focus on long-term retention while maintaining F2P friendly environment. Address potential regulatory concerns and include ethics consideration section for dark pattern avoidance."
Why it's better: Balances business needs with player experience, considers ethical implications, includes specific mechanics and competitive analysis, and addresses multiple player segments.